Columbia researchers report modular robots collecting spare modules and assembling a second, structurally identical robot. The parent keeps its original modules, so the authors describe the process as budding.
The preliminary hardware demonstrations use three-module and five-module forms. Each standard module has magnetic docking and two actuated joints, allowing flat arrangements to fold into three-dimensional bodies.
A human operator steers the collection and docking process. Separation follows a programmed sequence. The preprint explicitly does not demonstrate autonomous reproduction or a large repeated-trial evaluation.
Source: arxiv.org
Limits
Direct human teleoperation; preliminary demonstrations, not autonomous self-reproduction.