Defense News reports, citing Ukrainian officials, that Russia's navigation modules from use arrays of small patch antennas to keep satellite navigation working through jamming. According to a database run by Ukraine's military intelligence agency (), they have been found on Geran drones, glide-bomb kits and several missiles.
said on 19 October that Russia already uses 16-element arrays at scale and is setting up serial production of 20-element arrays, which help work out the direction jamming comes from. Electronic-warfare adviser Serhii Beskrestnov says Shaheds with 32-element antennas have attacked Kyiv. The claims come from Ukrainian officials, reported by a US outlet.
Limits
Statements by Ukrainian officials, a party to the war; the HUR database itself was not read.